Illuminations: Calculating Patterns

Calculating Patterns


Looking Back and Moving Forward

This lesson assesses students' understanding of patterns. It measures their ability to create, extend, and interpret patterns in multiple ways.

Learning Objectives

 

Students will:

  • describe, create, copy, extend, and interpret repeating patterns
  • represent patterns in multiple ways including movement, words, pictures, objects, and letters
  • name rules to sort and identify rules others used for sorting
  • recognize core elements of repeating patterns
  • connect patterns with number

Materials

 
Models of fruits, vegetables, or animals
Stickers
Geometric shapes
Stamps
Ribbon
Colored paper
Paper
Crayons
Glue
Scissors

Instructional Plan

This lesson is designed to measure what the students have learned in previous lessons. Therefore, it is necessary to carefully observe and document the students' performance to determine whether it is time to move to another mathematical concept or necessary to revisit the objectives of this unit plan.

Give the students multiple tools for creating patterns, such as models of fruits, vegetables, or animals; geometry shapes; stickers; stamps; ribbon; and colored paper.

Ask the students to select a tool and create a repeating pattern. Instruct them to draw a line under the core element, label the pattern with numbers, and translate the pattern using a different tool.

When they have finished, invite the students to present their various representations to the class and explain what they thought before they created the pattern.

Encourage students to share challenges they encountered. If appropriate, have them write about their pattern.

Post students' work samples from this and other lessons in the classroom or on a bulletin board in the hall. Review each sample and make notes about the learning objectives that the students clearly understand as well as notes about the knowledge and skills that need more practice.

Keep your notes for future reference and to share with students, their parents, and others as appropriate.

Revisit repeating patterns as they naturally occur in the course of daily instruction to reaffirm the fact that patterns define order in the world.

For example, you might note the arrangement of petals on a flower, leaves on a stem, or colors and patterns in floor tiles.

Questions for Students

 

If you were going to sort these vegetables, what sorting rule would you use? What other rules might you use to sort these vegetables?

Why did you select that tool for creating your pattern?

What other tools or objects could you use to copy your pattern?

Suppose a younger child asked you how to make a pattern. How would you respond to his or her question?

What kinds of things did you have to think about to create your pattern?

If you were to add one more repeat to your pattern (or extend it), what objects would you need to do that?

What kinds of problems did you have when creating your pattern? What caused these problems?

How could you describe what you did to make your pattern?

Teacher Reflection

 
  • Which tools did most students select for creating their patterns?
  • Are there other ways to represent patterns that occur naturally in the curriculum?
  • What vocabulary did the students use when describing their patterns? What additional vocabulary do the students need to learn? How can I teach that vocabulary with meaning and purpose?
  • What problems did the students have completing the activities in this lesson? What learning experiences would address these problems?
  • Which students met all the objectives of this unit? What extension activities are appropriate for those students?
  • Which students are still having difficulty with the objectives of this unit? What additional instructional experiences do they need?
  • Did all the students display understanding of the relationship between the core elements within a pattern? What is my evidence for this?
  • What were the greatest challenges for the students?
  • Which portions of this Unit Plan were the students most motivated to complete? Why?
  • How can I help the students extend their understanding of patterns and the relationships among the elements of a pattern?
  • What experiences can I provide so that the students will remember how to identify and describe patterns?
  • What experiences can I plan so that the students will have a genuine need to recognize and use patterns in everyday experiences?
  • What learning experiences would help the students not yet comfortable with the concepts of patterns?
  • Which virtual manipulatives used in this lesson plan have applications for the next (or other) units that I teach?

NCTM Standards and Expectations

 
Algebra Pre-K-2
  1. Sort, classify, and order objects by size, number, and other properties.
  2. Recognize, describe, and extend patterns such as sequences of sounds and shapes or simple numeric patterns and translate from one representation to another.
This lesson was developed by Carol W. Midgett.
  
1 period   

NCTM Resources

Principles and Standards for School Mathematics


National Council of Teachers of Mathematics Thinkfinity Verizon Foundation
© 2000 National Council of Teachers of Mathematics
Use of this Web site constitutes acceptance of the Terms of Use