Illuminations: Six and Seven as Factors

Six and Seven as Factors


Multiplication Stories

Students create multiplication stories where one factor is 6 or 7, and play a multiplication game to help them master their mutliplication facts.

Learning Objectives

 
Students will:
  • create and solve multiplication stories
  • practice selected multiplication facts

Materials

 
Paper and Pencil
Virtual Spinner

Instructional Plan

Call the class together and ask a volunteer to write one multiplication sentence on the board; for example, 6 × 2 = 12. Ask the class if they can think up a story that would fit this multiplication sentence.

One possible story is:

Each child is wearing 2 mittens. There are 6 children. How many mittens are there?

After they have had time to write their stories, call on several children to share them with the class. If the students wish, they might illustrate their multiplication stories and place them on a bulletin board. Repeat with other multiplication sentences from the 6 table.

Point to the calendar and ask how many days there are in 2 weeks, then what multiplication sentence that would suggest. (2 × 7 = 14) Write it on the board. Repeat with 3 weeks. Next, invite a student to enclose 4 weeks on the calendar with his or her hands and ask how many days there are in 4 weeks. Ask someone else in the class to record 4 × 7 = 28 on the board. Ask the students to write a different problem for each number sentence. After they have had time to work, encourage several students to share their problems with the class.

To continue the lesson, visit the National Virtual Manipulative Library. Ask a volunteer to open the Spinner. Have that student number the spinner sections from 0 to 10 and call on friends to choose a color for each section. Invite a student to activate the spinner and to name the product of the number spun times 6. (For example, if a 5 is spun, the student should answer "30.") Repeat for 7 as a factor.

Questions for Students

 

What happens when one factor is 1? How can knowing this help you memorize the multiplication facts?

[When one factor is 1, the product is equal to the other factor.]

What will the product be when one factor is 0? How can knowing this help you memorize the multiplication facts?

[When one factor is 0, the product is equal to zero.]

What is alike about 6 × 5 and 5 × 6? What is different?

[The product is 30 in each case; the way you achieve the product is different.]

Write the numbers you say when you skip count by 6’s to 60. Which of these are even numbers?

[6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 42, 48, 54, 60; All of them are even.]

Assessment Options

 
  1. Students should be given their My Multiplication Chart activity sheets from the previous lesson to add any additional multiplication facts they have mastered.

Teacher Reflection

 
  • Which students have only a few multiplication facts mastered? What activities should I plan for them?
  • What extension activities are appropriate for students who have mastered all or almost all of their multiplication facts?
  • What adjustments will I make the next time I teach this lesson?

NCTM Standards and Expectations

 
Number & Operations 3-5
  1. Select appropriate methods and tools for computing with whole numbers from among mental computation, estimation, calculators, and paper and pencil according to the context and nature of the computation and use the selected method or tools.
  2. Understand the effects of multiplying and dividing whole numbers.
  3. Develop fluency with basic number combinations for multiplication and division and use these combinations to mentally compute related problems, such as 3050.

References

 
  • Burton, Grace M., and J. Dan Knifong. “Learning the Facts: It Need Not Be Frustrating.” The Elementary School Journal, 83 (2): 149-54.
This lesson was developed by Grace M. Burton.
  
1 period   

NCTM Resources

Principles and Standards for School Mathematics


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