Illuminations: Number Cents

Number Cents


Making Change

To begin this lesson, children model prices mentioned in a children’s book. Then they make change from a given amount by counting on from the price.

Note: Counting on to make change is a very challenging activity. In initial instruction, it is best to restrict the coins used in making change to pennies and dimes.

Learning Objectives

 
Students will:
  • model prices to 99 cents
  • compare amounts to prices
  • count on from prices to find change

Materials

 
Book: Pigs Will Be Pigs
Pennies, nickels, dimes and quarters
Bags of coins
Sets of cancelled stamps

Instructional Plan

To review making coin collections and to introduce the concept of counting on, read the book Pigs Will Be Pigs. As you read the story, ask the children to model the amounts the pigs are finding when they can do so with their coins.

 

 

Then call the children’s attention to the menu found near the end of the book and have each child choose an item that costs a whole dollar amount (such as $5) and pretend they paid for the item with a five dollar bill. Model the process of counting on from the price to the amount given and announcing the amount of change needed. [If this book is not available, you may choose to use a real or a simulated menu.]

Now display a price less than 50 cents. Assign a volunteer to make a coin set equal to that price. Now, using only pennies and dimes, model how to count on from the price to 50 cents, and to state the amount of change to be given. Repeat with other prices and other volunteers.
Now, as in the previous lesson, assign several children to be post office clerks and give them bags of coins and sets of stamps to display at their station. Provide the other children with at least 2 quarters per child and assign each child to one of the post office lines. Then have then pick out a stamp and pay for it using quarters. The clerk will then count on, using pennies and dimes, to determine the amount of change. Repeat with other children taking the role of clerk.

After a time, call the children together and have them demonstrate how change (using only pennies and dimes) would be given from 50 cents for amounts they name. Then challenge the children who are able to count on using nickels as well. Ask them to draw a picture for their portfolio which shows how they counted on to make change.

Questions for Students

 

If you know the price is 42 cents, how would you count on to find what change is needed from 2 quarters?

[42 cents plus 8 cents equal 50 cents.]

How many pennies and how many dimes would you need to make change for a 39 cents stamp if you were given 50 cents?

[1 dime and 1 penny.]

Suppose I gave you 25 cents for a stamp worth 4 cents. What change should I receive?

[21 cents; 2 dimes and a penny, for example.]

What is missing when I say 19 + "something" = 25? Can you write the complete subtraction sentence? How is like making change by counting on?

[6 is missing' 25 - 19 = 6, for example.]

How can you be sure you have the right change when you buy something?

[You can count on, for example.]

Teacher Reflection

 
  • Which students counted on easily using pennies and dimes?
  • Were any students able to use nickels as well? What extension activities would be appropriate for these students?
  • Which students had difficulty counting on? What instructional experiences do they need next?
  • What adjustments would you make the next time you teach this lesson?

NCTM Standards and Expectations

 
Algebra Pre-K-2
  1. Use concrete, pictorial, and verbal representations to develop an understanding of invented and conventional symbolic notations.
Number & Operations Pre-K-2
  1. Develop understanding of the relative position and magnitude of whole numbers and of ordinal and cardinal numbers and their connections.
  2. Count with understanding and recognize "how many" in sets of objects.
  3. Use multiple models to develop initial understandings of place value and the base-ten number system.
This lesson prepared by Grace M. Burton.
  
1 period   

NCTM Resources

Navigating through Number in preK‑2


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